Kinetochore-microtube attachments in cancer therapy

The process of cell division represents an extraordinary target to develop antitumor therapies. Indeed, a large number of clinically relevant anticancer drugs, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, target mitosis by stimulating or inhibiting microtubule (MT) polymerization. During the past decades anti-tubulin drugs have proven very effective against a wide range of tumors. However, collateral effects, such as myelosuppression and MT disruption in non-dividing tissues, including brain, are common. Recently, the increased understanding of the cell division process and the identification of several signaling pathways controlling mitosis have provided novel opportunities for cancer drug discovery. Consequently, mitotic proteins have become attractive targets to develop molecular cancer therapeutics. In this scenario, kinetochores (KTs) represent an attractive therapeutic target in light of their fundamental role in driving chromosome segregation and controlling chromosome segregation errors. Indeed, cells require a fine regulation of the kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachment stability to prevent chromosome instability, and KT-MT attachment dynamics is often deregulated in tumour cells [2]. Chromosome instability is commonly accepted as a driving force in the development of cancer, but more recent work has demonstrated that extensive chromosome missegregation may be detrimental to cancer cells and act as a tumor suppression mechanism [3]. In light of this double role of chromosome instability in cancer, we have explored the hypothesis that interfering with KT-MT attachment dynamics could drive massive chromosome missegregation and kill tumor cells. Highly Expressed in Cancer protein 1 (Hec1) is a constituent of the evolutionary conserved Ndc80 complex, the molecular connector between KTs and MTs. Among the subunits of Editorial